Modern methods of construction (MMC), including prefabricated and modular building technologies, have the potential to support the delivery of higher quality buildings by utilising newer methods of construction, often in an offsite environment, or onsite with advanced methods such as additive manufacturing like 3D printing concrete. They have the potential to increase productivity in the construction sector by producing buildings more efficiently, with greater speed and accuracy. The National Construction Code (NCC) provides the technical standard used for the regulation of all buildings in Australia as implemented in each state and territory.

The NCC standard of fit for purpose applies to all building technologies, systems, and products. Prefabrication and modular technologies were explicitly addressed in 2016 when prefabricated ‘bathroom pods’ were agreed to be accepted as WaterMarked certified products in all plumbing jurisdictions (states and territories). A range of other NCC requirements address building systems, and the performance-based code provides a pathway for innovative technologies to be implemented.

In March 2024, the Building Ministers acknowledged the significant potential of MMC to help address Australia’s housing supply shortfall. Ministers emphasised the national target to construct 1.2 million new homes over the next 5 years. Ministers discussed the opportunities presented by recent developments in advanced manufacturing, supply chain and building techniques that could facilitate the delivery of more new homes by using MMC.

This handbook has been developed to increase the understanding and effectiveness of existing building standards and regulations at the direction of Ministers and to respond to government and industry requests for guidance on achieving NCC compliance in buildings that use MMC. It answers questions about determining evidence to support compliance and common NCC compliance risk areas.

ABCB handbooks expand on areas of existing regulation or relate to topics that are not regulated by the NCC. They provide advice and guidance.

The ABCB will continue to monitor this rapidly evolving space and respond as the industry develops.